Block #388,654

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/3/2014, 11:15:51 PM · Difficulty 10.4171 · 6,402,627 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
332a4a273c338a8cc1e3b07d4ddb5a7740d3947edf44fe4511ece48b4046bff0

Height

#388,654

Difficulty

10.417147

Transactions

7

Size

2.26 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a6aca27

Nonce

217,146

Timestamp

2/3/2014, 11:15:51 PM

Confirmations

6,402,627

Merkle Root

3a7a23773a3cd979ef046a32edecda787f88a81b41c69caf9dca4ee3b3c91e4a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.712 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
67120682846889704922…62845126476663499199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.712 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
67120682846889704922…62845126476663499199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.712 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
67120682846889704922…62845126476663499201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.342 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
13424136569377940984…25690252953326998399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.342 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
13424136569377940984…25690252953326998401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.684 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
26848273138755881969…51380505906653996799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.684 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
26848273138755881969…51380505906653996801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.369 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
53696546277511763938…02761011813307993599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.369 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
53696546277511763938…02761011813307993601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.073 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
10739309255502352787…05522023626615987199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.073 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
10739309255502352787…05522023626615987201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,574,180 XPM·at block #6,791,280 · updates every 60s
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