Block #357,921

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/13/2014, 5:24:17 PM · Difficulty 10.3901 · 6,441,564 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f8497fb33cddfeb21565c51832597a322b3f19db46e5911ffc7b29efcb2e48c3

Height

#357,921

Difficulty

10.390104

Transactions

6

Size

1.28 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a63ddd4

Nonce

732,408

Timestamp

1/13/2014, 5:24:17 PM

Confirmations

6,441,564

Merkle Root

b7af1d0de9f418856a1a8d0ad39d987374ab0759d53e2bd10bc13aeb7c4a9ffb
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.708 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
27081664061078902142…86159533963411299839
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.708 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
27081664061078902142…86159533963411299839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.708 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
27081664061078902142…86159533963411299841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.416 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
54163328122157804285…72319067926822599679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.416 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
54163328122157804285…72319067926822599681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.083 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
10832665624431560857…44638135853645199359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.083 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
10832665624431560857…44638135853645199361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.166 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
21665331248863121714…89276271707290398719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.166 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
21665331248863121714…89276271707290398721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.333 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
43330662497726243428…78552543414580797439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.333 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
43330662497726243428…78552543414580797441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,639,923 XPM·at block #6,799,484 · updates every 60s
xpmprime.info is a work in progress. If you enjoy using this service you can support this project with a Primecoin donation.