Block #357,764

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/13/2014, 3:21:56 PM · Difficulty 10.3858 · 6,437,717 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1285e09ed29b57070e5474c5051c65a281ee675b3a5d1b202318e46d7b4f8227

Height

#357,764

Difficulty

10.385760

Transactions

27

Size

6.92 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a62c128

Nonce

196,014

Timestamp

1/13/2014, 3:21:56 PM

Confirmations

6,437,717

Merkle Root

ec083a5aaced6e6156a484cdad3dd3d6e4afb025bff79a7952aafcf3ac40ac34
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.318 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
43188155161632332355…42622649749363032439
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.318 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
43188155161632332355…42622649749363032439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.318 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
43188155161632332355…42622649749363032441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.637 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
86376310323264664710…85245299498726064879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.637 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
86376310323264664710…85245299498726064881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.727 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17275262064652932942…70490598997452129759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.727 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17275262064652932942…70490598997452129761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.455 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
34550524129305865884…40981197994904259519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.455 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
34550524129305865884…40981197994904259521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.910 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
69101048258611731768…81962395989808519039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.910 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
69101048258611731768…81962395989808519041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,607,909 XPM·at block #6,795,480 · updates every 60s
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