Block #346,239

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/6/2014, 10:40:38 AM · Difficulty 10.2221 · 6,451,671 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
7e79efd305e1a8ae4f365e450293c84639962640d59570dd71acb66e17b923a5

Height

#346,239

Difficulty

10.222126

Transactions

17

Size

60.80 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a38dd45

Nonce

48,157

Timestamp

1/6/2014, 10:40:38 AM

Confirmations

6,451,671

Merkle Root

3a8b657321f85400dcb355e64e822a039f0cdd63156fb6c5d687f7bd1af995e5
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.268 × 10¹⁰⁸(109-digit number)
82685347561210504107…51748754466223729219
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.268 × 10¹⁰⁸(109-digit number)
82685347561210504107…51748754466223729219
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.268 × 10¹⁰⁸(109-digit number)
82685347561210504107…51748754466223729221
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.653 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
16537069512242100821…03497508932447458439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.653 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
16537069512242100821…03497508932447458441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.307 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
33074139024484201642…06995017864894916879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.307 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
33074139024484201642…06995017864894916881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.614 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
66148278048968403285…13990035729789833759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.614 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
66148278048968403285…13990035729789833761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.322 × 10¹¹⁰(111-digit number)
13229655609793680657…27980071459579667519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.322 × 10¹¹⁰(111-digit number)
13229655609793680657…27980071459579667521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,627,274 XPM·at block #6,797,909 · updates every 60s
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