Block #317,732

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/17/2013, 9:41:10 PM · Difficulty 10.1541 · 6,477,252 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
1f4913a4302a081f61359644e5abd5cdf9c10e5f505ac571a80766fc77371165

Height

#317,732

Difficulty

10.154078

Transactions

8

Size

1.88 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a2771a1

Nonce

109,103

Timestamp

12/17/2013, 9:41:10 PM

Confirmations

6,477,252

Merkle Root

ff530894e5780463754fc930b1248298cbbd775c4794b587ad4fc17f4d15d304
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.179 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11793339260403572021…32349156752006883001
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.179 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11793339260403572021…32349156752006883001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.358 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
23586678520807144042…64698313504013766001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.717 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
47173357041614288085…29396627008027532001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
9.434 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
94346714083228576171…58793254016055064001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.886 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
18869342816645715234…17586508032110128001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.773 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
37738685633291430468…35173016064220256001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
7.547 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
75477371266582860937…70346032128440512001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.509 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15095474253316572187…40692064256881024001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.019 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
30190948506633144374…81384128513762048001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
6.038 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
60381897013266288749…62768257027524096001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,603,913 XPM·at block #6,794,983 · updates every 60s
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