Block #258,735

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/13/2013, 5:47:42 AM · Difficulty 9.9766 · 6,534,057 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
91e50dbeabce973be8711d1b4d70baa7adc4a696b07c6d056294ab38b76e5517

Height

#258,735

Difficulty

9.976649

Transactions

7

Size

4.10 KB

Version

2

Bits

09fa05b3

Nonce

4,479

Timestamp

11/13/2013, 5:47:42 AM

Confirmations

6,534,057

Merkle Root

2de424e1feb810f088143d4dfaecb8afaf1ad98d8be8b60d1fc70ace41d7bfc9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.578 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35786880851275363488…85575940620704711299
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.578 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35786880851275363488…85575940620704711299
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.578 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35786880851275363488…85575940620704711301
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.157 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
71573761702550726976…71151881241409422599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.157 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
71573761702550726976…71151881241409422601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.431 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14314752340510145395…42303762482818845199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.431 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14314752340510145395…42303762482818845201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.862 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28629504681020290790…84607524965637690399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.862 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28629504681020290790…84607524965637690401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.725 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
57259009362040581581…69215049931275380799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.725 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
57259009362040581581…69215049931275380801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,586,319 XPM·at block #6,792,791 · updates every 60s
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