Block #2,456,675

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/4/2018, 3:55:52 AM · Difficulty 10.9535 · 4,386,948 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c61f9ea5dc2c60e6b097f6a5b6dfeb0bbd1eb95f679b44f4d574f45d9b42184d

Height

#2,456,675

Difficulty

10.953533

Transactions

24

Size

4.62 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af41ab7

Nonce

1,930,177,114

Timestamp

1/4/2018, 3:55:52 AM

Confirmations

4,386,948

Merkle Root

eb7b0fe1a016c2d5d63a0301b3f640a99a4854e7b614decbd4f24a9f3d9f9120
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.074 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
70749921734263160965…52745562466880572479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.074 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
70749921734263160965…52745562466880572479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.074 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
70749921734263160965…52745562466880572481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.414 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14149984346852632193…05491124933761144959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.414 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14149984346852632193…05491124933761144961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.829 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28299968693705264386…10982249867522289919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.829 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28299968693705264386…10982249867522289921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.659 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
56599937387410528772…21964499735044579839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.659 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
56599937387410528772…21964499735044579841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.131 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11319987477482105754…43928999470089159679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.131 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11319987477482105754…43928999470089159681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,993,350 XPM·at block #6,843,622 · updates every 60s
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