Home/Chain Registry/Block #1,930,328

Block #1,930,328

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/8/2017, 7:07:30 PM · Difficulty 10.7552 · 4,895,976 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ddec2b977c888ab147f28c56842229f98cd26a23d5b70fbf4f2a530e0beedd3d

Difficulty

10.755221

Transactions

39

Size

13.99 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ac15630

Nonce

268,442,763

Timestamp

1/8/2017, 7:07:30 PM

Confirmations

4,895,976

Merkle Root

6c2889d77492ee731d68a66a715b13e10d6b1465414dfe9320fde666f73d6ee0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.757 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37578430273125461794…56679977190336172160
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.757 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37578430273125461794…56679977190336172159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.757 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37578430273125461794…56679977190336172161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.515 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
75156860546250923589…13359954380672344319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.515 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
75156860546250923589…13359954380672344321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.503 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15031372109250184717…26719908761344688639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.503 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15031372109250184717…26719908761344688641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.006 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30062744218500369435…53439817522689377279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.006 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30062744218500369435…53439817522689377281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.012 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
60125488437000738871…06879635045378754559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.012 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
60125488437000738871…06879635045378754561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 1930328

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock ddec2b977c888ab147f28c56842229f98cd26a23d5b70fbf4f2a530e0beedd3d

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #1,930,328 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,854,571 XPM·at block #6,826,303 · updates every 60s
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