Block #1,930,328

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/8/2017, 7:07:30 PM · Difficulty 10.7552 · 4,886,640 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ddec2b977c888ab147f28c56842229f98cd26a23d5b70fbf4f2a530e0beedd3d

Height

#1,930,328

Difficulty

10.755221

Transactions

39

Size

13.99 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ac15630

Nonce

268,442,763

Timestamp

1/8/2017, 7:07:30 PM

Confirmations

4,886,640

Merkle Root

6c2889d77492ee731d68a66a715b13e10d6b1465414dfe9320fde666f73d6ee0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.757 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37578430273125461794…56679977190336172159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.757 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37578430273125461794…56679977190336172159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.757 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
37578430273125461794…56679977190336172161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.515 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
75156860546250923589…13359954380672344319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.515 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
75156860546250923589…13359954380672344321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.503 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15031372109250184717…26719908761344688639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.503 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15031372109250184717…26719908761344688641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.006 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30062744218500369435…53439817522689377279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.006 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30062744218500369435…53439817522689377281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.012 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
60125488437000738871…06879635045378754559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.012 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
60125488437000738871…06879635045378754561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,779,781 XPM·at block #6,816,967 · updates every 60s
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