Home/Chain Registry/Block #335,891

Block #335,891

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/30/2013, 2:05:10 PM · Difficulty 10.1427 · 6,463,420 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
2e3e2d0fc6d4f3f4399062b4b35a11fa6edd86a4374fa7995f0762c70d54db2c

Height

#335,891

Difficulty

10.142686

Transactions

16

Size

4.29 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a248714

Nonce

7,841

Timestamp

12/30/2013, 2:05:10 PM

Confirmations

6,463,420

Merkle Root

6ba90e0e291e4bc8ad89b2f9f9c3b80b837a3518787c6b4d3a55ff815cc50bdf
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.383 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43833992152201640769…39147254332603537960
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.383 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43833992152201640769…39147254332603537959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.383 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43833992152201640769…39147254332603537961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.766 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
87667984304403281539…78294508665207075919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.766 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
87667984304403281539…78294508665207075921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.753 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17533596860880656307…56589017330414151839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.753 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17533596860880656307…56589017330414151841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.506 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
35067193721761312615…13178034660828303679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.506 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
35067193721761312615…13178034660828303681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.013 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
70134387443522625231…26356069321656607359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.013 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
70134387443522625231…26356069321656607361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 335891

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 2e3e2d0fc6d4f3f4399062b4b35a11fa6edd86a4374fa7995f0762c70d54db2c

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #335,891 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,638,534 XPM·at block #6,799,310 · updates every 60s
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