Block #335,891

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/30/2013, 2:05:10 PM · Difficulty 10.1427 · 6,458,465 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
2e3e2d0fc6d4f3f4399062b4b35a11fa6edd86a4374fa7995f0762c70d54db2c

Height

#335,891

Difficulty

10.142686

Transactions

16

Size

4.29 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a248714

Nonce

7,841

Timestamp

12/30/2013, 2:05:10 PM

Confirmations

6,458,465

Merkle Root

6ba90e0e291e4bc8ad89b2f9f9c3b80b837a3518787c6b4d3a55ff815cc50bdf
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.383 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43833992152201640769…39147254332603537959
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.383 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43833992152201640769…39147254332603537959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.383 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43833992152201640769…39147254332603537961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.766 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
87667984304403281539…78294508665207075919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.766 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
87667984304403281539…78294508665207075921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.753 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17533596860880656307…56589017330414151839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.753 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17533596860880656307…56589017330414151841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.506 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
35067193721761312615…13178034660828303679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.506 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
35067193721761312615…13178034660828303681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.013 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
70134387443522625231…26356069321656607359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.013 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
70134387443522625231…26356069321656607361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,598,882 XPM·at block #6,794,355 · updates every 60s
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