Block #97,860

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 8/4/2013, 11:02:10 PM · Difficulty 9.3202 · 6,701,597 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
4431a7cc6669d5f654a5be2c078f21711b79a68632652c60378e415d95e673fd

Height

#97,860

Difficulty

9.320157

Transactions

6

Size

1.41 KB

Version

2

Bits

0951f5c8

Nonce

322,764

Timestamp

8/4/2013, 11:02:10 PM

Confirmations

6,701,597

Merkle Root

c5a7cf04eda2a47274842fe41fa327954023603449b43d30c7f78baec856df8c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.454 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34545496494878109771…18216278887487458941
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.454 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34545496494878109771…18216278887487458941
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
6.909 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
69090992989756219543…36432557774974917881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.381 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13818198597951243908…72865115549949835761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.763 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27636397195902487817…45730231099899671521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
5.527 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
55272794391804975634…91460462199799343041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.105 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11054558878360995126…82920924399598686081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.210 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22109117756721990253…65841848799197372161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
4.421 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
44218235513443980507…31683697598394744321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
8.843 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
88436471026887961015…63367395196789488641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,639,707 XPM·at block #6,799,456 · updates every 60s
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