Block #965,087

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 3/7/2015, 11:18:37 PM · Difficulty 10.8585 · 5,877,864 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
eb2e90efac0185c8b24e24bd2930dbb17dd482e1bb76f776358e40606d743d1b

Height

#965,087

Difficulty

10.858526

Transactions

11

Size

3.09 KB

Version

2

Bits

0adbc863

Nonce

267,123,518

Timestamp

3/7/2015, 11:18:37 PM

Confirmations

5,877,864

Merkle Root

16feb57fd57b091139d6e8a219e1f076c22605cdb6b48b849f829ff446af794f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.826 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
78264876167654147692…93069771076164962319
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.826 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
78264876167654147692…93069771076164962319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.826 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
78264876167654147692…93069771076164962321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.565 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15652975233530829538…86139542152329924639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.565 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15652975233530829538…86139542152329924641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.130 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31305950467061659077…72279084304659849279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.130 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31305950467061659077…72279084304659849281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.261 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
62611900934123318154…44558168609319698559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.261 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
62611900934123318154…44558168609319698561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.252 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12522380186824663630…89116337218639397119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.252 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12522380186824663630…89116337218639397121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,987,960 XPM·at block #6,842,950 · updates every 60s
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