Block #94,745

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/3/2013, 6:55:52 AM · Difficulty 9.2093 · 6,700,129 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6364ab818cfc47ef72a98bda7b804bca67a034187e00eaba8ee41c94d1ccdef5

Height

#94,745

Difficulty

9.209343

Transactions

11

Size

2.55 KB

Version

2

Bits

09359784

Nonce

500,573

Timestamp

8/3/2013, 6:55:52 AM

Confirmations

6,700,129

Merkle Root

9d7e15cf8323e2818f8195c980d17dd3dce85df7a9c1eac04e4422f96e51fdea
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.402 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
14026929229547547020…86880345726891369009
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.402 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
14026929229547547020…86880345726891369009
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.402 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
14026929229547547020…86880345726891369011
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.805 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
28053858459095094040…73760691453782738019
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.805 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
28053858459095094040…73760691453782738021
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.610 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
56107716918190188081…47521382907565476039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.610 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
56107716918190188081…47521382907565476041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.122 × 10¹¹⁰(111-digit number)
11221543383638037616…95042765815130952079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.122 × 10¹¹⁰(111-digit number)
11221543383638037616…95042765815130952081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.244 × 10¹¹⁰(111-digit number)
22443086767276075232…90085531630261904159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,603,025 XPM·at block #6,794,873 · updates every 60s
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