Block #945,203

1CCLength 12★★★★☆

Cunningham Chain of the First Kind · Discovered 2/20/2015, 11:20:06 PM · Difficulty 10.8986 · 5,862,863 confirmations

1CC
Cunningham Chain of the First Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime plus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
1e30de1c3f7b8647bceace19b90ae64f239c7c536b21e67b9e49147b9bfc30d3

Height

#945,203

Difficulty

10.898611

Transactions

4

Size

1.44 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ae60b59

Nonce

318,703,073

Timestamp

2/20/2015, 11:20:06 PM

Confirmations

5,862,863

Merkle Root

2b915cc9e5459967422478f4940ea7ce97ed4e395671636530efc2ebb9c53e2a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.868 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
78686305249884357026…84724561387314790399
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin − 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin − 1
7.868 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
78686305249884357026…84724561387314790399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
2
2^1 × origin − 1
1.573 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15737261049976871405…69449122774629580799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
3
2^2 × origin − 1
3.147 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
31474522099953742810…38898245549259161599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
4
2^3 × origin − 1
6.294 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
62949044199907485620…77796491098518323199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
5
2^4 × origin − 1
1.258 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12589808839981497124…55592982197036646399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
6
2^5 × origin − 1
2.517 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
25179617679962994248…11185964394073292799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
7
2^6 × origin − 1
5.035 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
50359235359925988496…22371928788146585599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
8
2^7 × origin − 1
1.007 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10071847071985197699…44743857576293171199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
9
2^8 × origin − 1
2.014 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
20143694143970395398…89487715152586342399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
10
2^9 × origin − 1
4.028 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
40287388287940790797…78975430305172684799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
11
2^10 × origin − 1
8.057 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
80574776575881581594…57950860610345369599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
12
2^11 × origin − 1
1.611 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
16114955315176316318…15901721220690739199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 12 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the First Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★★☆
Rarity
ExceptionalChain length 12

Around 1 in 10,000 blocks. A significant mathematical achievement.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 1CC formula:

1CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ + 1, p₃ = 2p₂ + 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,708,573 XPM·at block #6,808,065 · updates every 60s
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