Block #94,131

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/2/2013, 9:29:17 PM · Difficulty 9.2020 · 6,721,816 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
db18ba0cd6380571926b2520a269acb0d7d2845093939bcace625b0502f6a272

Height

#94,131

Difficulty

9.202005

Transactions

12

Size

5.35 KB

Version

2

Bits

0933b696

Nonce

51,461

Timestamp

8/2/2013, 9:29:17 PM

Confirmations

6,721,816

Merkle Root

8770ed5b1ccdac73a3e255141ba782843a2c81dba7e41d1eec6c7f97a35cc7e8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.082 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
20824447013806190487…38403426100286091519
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.082 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
20824447013806190487…38403426100286091519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.082 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
20824447013806190487…38403426100286091521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.164 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
41648894027612380975…76806852200572183039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.164 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
41648894027612380975…76806852200572183041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
8.329 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
83297788055224761950…53613704401144366079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
8.329 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
83297788055224761950…53613704401144366081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.665 × 10¹¹⁰(111-digit number)
16659557611044952390…07227408802288732159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.665 × 10¹¹⁰(111-digit number)
16659557611044952390…07227408802288732161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.331 × 10¹¹⁰(111-digit number)
33319115222089904780…14454817604577464319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,771,690 XPM·at block #6,815,946 · updates every 60s
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