Block #92,954

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/2/2013, 1:37:40 AM · Difficulty 9.2040 · 6,702,995 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
083410dc9f09168d95e66590a82e2e1cefc9ca33ec56f5d6bd05faae455d63ed

Height

#92,954

Difficulty

9.203972

Transactions

6

Size

1.44 KB

Version

2

Bits

0934378a

Nonce

362,005

Timestamp

8/2/2013, 1:37:40 AM

Confirmations

6,702,995

Merkle Root

8768973a45614e0f0ca2e6747875b666707af755b313c088edb3a5b173839f70
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.007 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
60073358157019622788…33476213217172902699
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.007 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
60073358157019622788…33476213217172902699
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.007 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
60073358157019622788…33476213217172902701
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.201 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12014671631403924557…66952426434345805399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.201 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12014671631403924557…66952426434345805401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.402 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
24029343262807849115…33904852868691610799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.402 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
24029343262807849115…33904852868691610801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.805 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
48058686525615698230…67809705737383221599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.805 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
48058686525615698230…67809705737383221601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.611 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
96117373051231396461…35619411474766443199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,611,681 XPM·at block #6,795,948 · updates every 60s
xpmprime.info is a work in progress. If you enjoy using this service you can support this project with a Primecoin donation.