Block #92,911

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/2/2013, 1:06:46 AM · Difficulty 9.2019 · 6,732,025 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
875014741fe7a59b20ffb0a38bbcd9707b854aa5c91f85e287c096ac0d805ac8

Height

#92,911

Difficulty

9.201905

Transactions

6

Size

1.88 KB

Version

2

Bits

0933b008

Nonce

22,746

Timestamp

8/2/2013, 1:06:46 AM

Confirmations

6,732,025

Merkle Root

aa409471fbf1efc857799b453466e8d9c09013b1a1e734dd2857ca20f132aa3d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.937 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
19378502568249414605…73976309220195906449
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.937 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
19378502568249414605…73976309220195906449
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.937 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
19378502568249414605…73976309220195906451
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.875 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
38757005136498829210…47952618440391812899
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.875 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
38757005136498829210…47952618440391812901
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.751 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
77514010272997658421…95905236880783625799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.751 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
77514010272997658421…95905236880783625801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.550 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
15502802054599531684…91810473761567251599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.550 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
15502802054599531684…91810473761567251601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.100 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
31005604109199063368…83620947523134503199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,843,564 XPM·at block #6,824,935 · updates every 60s
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