Block #921,713

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/3/2015, 10:35:36 PM · Difficulty 10.9164 · 5,889,381 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a32f7e947784658e5ac6105ac6699734eb9866b95d76e3c06fd53ccdafe0a295

Height

#921,713

Difficulty

10.916366

Transactions

12

Size

2.36 KB

Version

2

Bits

0aea96fd

Nonce

633,738,630

Timestamp

2/3/2015, 10:35:36 PM

Confirmations

5,889,381

Merkle Root

0526812b0d3e5c571954f9b950b086302a85ceb8112cb0f7daddbfd387685c63
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.616 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
56163824782132312728…03328967921738990079
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.616 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
56163824782132312728…03328967921738990079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.616 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
56163824782132312728…03328967921738990081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.123 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11232764956426462545…06657935843477980159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.123 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11232764956426462545…06657935843477980161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.246 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22465529912852925091…13315871686955960319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.246 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22465529912852925091…13315871686955960321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.493 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
44931059825705850183…26631743373911920639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.493 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
44931059825705850183…26631743373911920641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.986 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
89862119651411700366…53263486747823841279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.986 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
89862119651411700366…53263486747823841281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,732,860 XPM·at block #6,811,093 · updates every 60s
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