Block #90,500

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 7/31/2013, 4:29:24 AM · Difficulty 9.2426 · 6,716,627 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
213bccc2f2d53b8f6ba8829124ad8c1273c837c60b8ef648cf40ec3e215a0e82

Height

#90,500

Difficulty

9.242589

Transactions

1

Size

206 B

Version

2

Bits

093e1a54

Nonce

9,098

Timestamp

7/31/2013, 4:29:24 AM

Confirmations

6,716,627

Merkle Root

30690ff7900deac0e18db470206aba117ed8343330a0ab2c3dd6c504930fe907
Transactions (1)
1 in → 1 out11.6900 XPM109 B
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.749 × 10¹¹²(113-digit number)
17497792667979653468…23224746439829963801
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.749 × 10¹¹²(113-digit number)
17497792667979653468…23224746439829963801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.499 × 10¹¹²(113-digit number)
34995585335959306936…46449492879659927601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
6.999 × 10¹¹²(113-digit number)
69991170671918613872…92898985759319855201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.399 × 10¹¹³(114-digit number)
13998234134383722774…85797971518639710401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.799 × 10¹¹³(114-digit number)
27996468268767445548…71595943037279420801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.599 × 10¹¹³(114-digit number)
55992936537534891097…43191886074558841601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.119 × 10¹¹⁴(115-digit number)
11198587307506978219…86383772149117683201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.239 × 10¹¹⁴(115-digit number)
22397174615013956439…72767544298235366401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.479 × 10¹¹⁴(115-digit number)
44794349230027912878…45535088596470732801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,701,120 XPM·at block #6,807,126 · updates every 60s
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