Block #901,969

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/19/2015, 11:53:32 PM · Difficulty 10.9407 · 5,902,226 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
eb305f2b8e52ade4fa0dd7bd6f43c660a25f206c54659c8785123cf4e4da19f1

Height

#901,969

Difficulty

10.940734

Transactions

17

Size

6.05 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af0d3f9

Nonce

765,968,685

Timestamp

1/19/2015, 11:53:32 PM

Confirmations

5,902,226

Merkle Root

b12759e60d19e45bbdfeb6c2fd9f75730fde04662ba310b99920e1b39d0e5397
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.473 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14733847552089551271…83666830469958241279
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.473 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14733847552089551271…83666830469958241279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.473 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14733847552089551271…83666830469958241281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.946 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
29467695104179102543…67333660939916482559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.946 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
29467695104179102543…67333660939916482561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.893 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
58935390208358205086…34667321879832965119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.893 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
58935390208358205086…34667321879832965121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.178 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11787078041671641017…69334643759665930239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.178 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11787078041671641017…69334643759665930241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.357 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
23574156083343282034…38669287519331860479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.357 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
23574156083343282034…38669287519331860481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.714 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
47148312166686564069…77338575038663720959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,677,614 XPM·at block #6,804,194 · updates every 60s
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