Block #901,608

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/19/2015, 5:22:09 PM · Difficulty 10.9410 · 5,915,641 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
37fd0b1f4902aabbc0dd9e5e2889bf922844eb8def97f675967f6e356dd3fdb2

Height

#901,608

Difficulty

10.941041

Transactions

9

Size

1.76 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af0e810

Nonce

257,389,717

Timestamp

1/19/2015, 5:22:09 PM

Confirmations

5,915,641

Merkle Root

46c29940cafd296d604a5c2fa74b9989cd3aa79afe2a9338566b676d17e57cf2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.867 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28671076984558216368…09959493573504030239
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.867 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28671076984558216368…09959493573504030239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.867 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28671076984558216368…09959493573504030241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.734 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
57342153969116432737…19918987147008060479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.734 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
57342153969116432737…19918987147008060481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.146 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11468430793823286547…39837974294016120959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.146 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11468430793823286547…39837974294016120961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.293 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
22936861587646573094…79675948588032241919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.293 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
22936861587646573094…79675948588032241921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.587 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
45873723175293146189…59351897176064483839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.587 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
45873723175293146189…59351897176064483841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
9.174 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
91747446350586292379…18703794352128967679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,782,026 XPM·at block #6,817,248 · updates every 60s
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