Block #901,535

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/19/2015, 3:56:28 PM · Difficulty 10.9412 · 5,909,118 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
aeca10e892c5938439b89ed8afc25b8531191cad2b993a0b7a19f05e1acf38c8

Height

#901,535

Difficulty

10.941227

Transactions

9

Size

11.50 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af0f43c

Nonce

394,832,524

Timestamp

1/19/2015, 3:56:28 PM

Confirmations

5,909,118

Merkle Root

6c5d2ab233c5920ef69ad76fd61f1077190dd1406bcd242a45766e8aa3e0ed42
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.583 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
15835890227416383815…40997906723681093439
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.583 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
15835890227416383815…40997906723681093439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.583 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
15835890227416383815…40997906723681093441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.167 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
31671780454832767631…81995813447362186879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.167 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
31671780454832767631…81995813447362186881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.334 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
63343560909665535262…63991626894724373759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.334 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
63343560909665535262…63991626894724373761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.266 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12668712181933107052…27983253789448747519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.266 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12668712181933107052…27983253789448747521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.533 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
25337424363866214105…55966507578897495039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.533 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
25337424363866214105…55966507578897495041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,729,314 XPM·at block #6,810,652 · updates every 60s
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