Block #89,945

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 7/30/2013, 5:54:18 PM · Difficulty 9.2549 · 6,719,572 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
3a9a8860fcc73b32fb8f399e283cfa037f0356ad6c41b00d89d238c5a00e1993

Height

#89,945

Difficulty

9.254859

Transactions

2

Size

726 B

Version

2

Bits

09413e6f

Nonce

142,763

Timestamp

7/30/2013, 5:54:18 PM

Confirmations

6,719,572

Merkle Root

ee78ded7db36bbd57b5d999d44ecb305dcff4194dce791d8d99083ecf86c20b2
Transactions (2)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.989 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
49894153228209213599…85226766481661902501
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.989 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
49894153228209213599…85226766481661902501
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
9.978 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
99788306456418427198…70453532963323805001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.995 × 10¹⁰⁷(108-digit number)
19957661291283685439…40907065926647610001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.991 × 10¹⁰⁷(108-digit number)
39915322582567370879…81814131853295220001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
7.983 × 10¹⁰⁷(108-digit number)
79830645165134741758…63628263706590440001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.596 × 10¹⁰⁸(109-digit number)
15966129033026948351…27256527413180880001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.193 × 10¹⁰⁸(109-digit number)
31932258066053896703…54513054826361760001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
6.386 × 10¹⁰⁸(109-digit number)
63864516132107793406…09026109652723520001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.277 × 10¹⁰⁹(110-digit number)
12772903226421558681…18052219305447040001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,720,212 XPM·at block #6,809,516 · updates every 60s
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