Block #899,032

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/17/2015, 6:40:47 PM · Difficulty 10.9436 · 5,903,992 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
529f68f7cd3db62fc1a9cf80924b68ff5d7d0b7ab963dd8f185103e08057b84c

Height

#899,032

Difficulty

10.943551

Transactions

8

Size

3.33 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af18c8a

Nonce

1,104,595,944

Timestamp

1/17/2015, 6:40:47 PM

Confirmations

5,903,992

Merkle Root

82c36acfe2a4f41d17d7f4d2d1319a405a22a7dae8d33408d0ac450e8308fe21
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.282 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12827040626534711814…75825399953114828799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.282 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12827040626534711814…75825399953114828799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.282 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12827040626534711814…75825399953114828801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.565 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
25654081253069423629…51650799906229657599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.565 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
25654081253069423629…51650799906229657601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.130 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
51308162506138847258…03301599812459315199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.130 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
51308162506138847258…03301599812459315201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.026 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10261632501227769451…06603199624918630399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.026 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10261632501227769451…06603199624918630401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.052 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
20523265002455538903…13206399249837260799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.052 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
20523265002455538903…13206399249837260801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,668,223 XPM·at block #6,803,023 · updates every 60s
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