Block #89,856

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 7/30/2013, 4:21:45 PM · Difficulty 9.2551 · 6,706,298 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
ed32a96e72799e2ba29624e973dbb335075d4fd599974946d49585e1cfca0bc2

Height

#89,856

Difficulty

9.255104

Transactions

4

Size

1.72 KB

Version

2

Bits

09414e81

Nonce

196

Timestamp

7/30/2013, 4:21:45 PM

Confirmations

6,706,298

Merkle Root

da45caca14d07382391370b90b7f91ed8d8e296efda39a54026e680135b5d419
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.844 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
38443925280496412252…21634580295163602801
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.844 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
38443925280496412252…21634580295163602801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
7.688 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
76887850560992824505…43269160590327205601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.537 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
15377570112198564901…86538321180654411201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.075 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
30755140224397129802…73076642361308822401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
6.151 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
61510280448794259604…46153284722617644801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.230 × 10¹⁰⁷(108-digit number)
12302056089758851920…92306569445235289601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.460 × 10¹⁰⁷(108-digit number)
24604112179517703841…84613138890470579201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
4.920 × 10¹⁰⁷(108-digit number)
49208224359035407683…69226277780941158401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
9.841 × 10¹⁰⁷(108-digit number)
98416448718070815366…38452555561882316801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.968 × 10¹⁰⁸(109-digit number)
19683289743614163073…76905111123764633601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,613,227 XPM·at block #6,796,153 · updates every 60s
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