Block #896,951

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/16/2015, 2:48:51 AM · Difficulty 10.9468 · 5,911,432 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
08e498b54614daa2491787748209a9065658c235419fb12c502ea3d06b3f36a5

Height

#896,951

Difficulty

10.946849

Transactions

9

Size

1.96 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af264b5

Nonce

281,180,777

Timestamp

1/16/2015, 2:48:51 AM

Confirmations

5,911,432

Merkle Root

ea148999c6ed3341a7e708d901b6a2c9bdd83c01fa360bb216746cfedac9bc13
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.677 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
66770667676426957732…71005390747157135359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.677 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
66770667676426957732…71005390747157135359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.677 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
66770667676426957732…71005390747157135361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.335 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13354133535285391546…42010781494314270719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.335 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13354133535285391546…42010781494314270721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.670 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
26708267070570783093…84021562988628541439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.670 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
26708267070570783093…84021562988628541441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.341 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
53416534141141566186…68043125977257082879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.341 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
53416534141141566186…68043125977257082881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.068 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10683306828228313237…36086251954514165759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.068 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10683306828228313237…36086251954514165761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,711,118 XPM·at block #6,808,382 · updates every 60s
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