Block #895,072

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/14/2015, 3:43:32 PM · Difficulty 10.9491 · 5,922,970 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
81b127eea9caba140d61cb0d6be20808372c871a25543c4cdabc57502519bcc2

Height

#895,072

Difficulty

10.949133

Transactions

6

Size

15.48 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af2fa65

Nonce

870,266,246

Timestamp

1/14/2015, 3:43:32 PM

Confirmations

5,922,970

Merkle Root

496d676ca5f2031e73d65a5325fa7e5ed0d87d806ffbdf18f11a4139c4cc5fd5
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.099 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30991691243977114545…21311574483132674149
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.099 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30991691243977114545…21311574483132674149
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.099 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30991691243977114545…21311574483132674151
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.198 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
61983382487954229091…42623148966265348299
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.198 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
61983382487954229091…42623148966265348301
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.239 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12396676497590845818…85246297932530696599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.239 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12396676497590845818…85246297932530696601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.479 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24793352995181691636…70492595865061393199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.479 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24793352995181691636…70492595865061393201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.958 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
49586705990363383273…40985191730122786399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.958 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
49586705990363383273…40985191730122786401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
9.917 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
99173411980726766546…81970383460245572799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,788,406 XPM·at block #6,818,041 · updates every 60s
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