Block #890,330

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/11/2015, 12:02:20 AM · Difficulty 10.9540 · 5,927,066 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c0eda2af9be21d3ab4d10e02e41f71590fc0aa9a5d31833f723d4a1e9db43bdd

Height

#890,330

Difficulty

10.953963

Transactions

7

Size

2.25 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af436f2

Nonce

230,588,999

Timestamp

1/11/2015, 12:02:20 AM

Confirmations

5,927,066

Merkle Root

f84270d687cb39a410da91a29f1e6ae11a2999be46bc6ce66f5d0776ab3213ea
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.343 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
33434828463380251061…10351746006841448959
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.343 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
33434828463380251061…10351746006841448959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.343 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
33434828463380251061…10351746006841448961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.686 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
66869656926760502123…20703492013682897919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.686 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
66869656926760502123…20703492013682897921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.337 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13373931385352100424…41406984027365795839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.337 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13373931385352100424…41406984027365795841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.674 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26747862770704200849…82813968054731591679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.674 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26747862770704200849…82813968054731591681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.349 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
53495725541408401698…65627936109463183359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.349 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
53495725541408401698…65627936109463183361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,783,210 XPM·at block #6,817,395 · updates every 60s
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