Block #89,010

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 7/30/2013, 1:28:16 AM · Difficulty 9.2623 · 6,715,031 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
defd811990724cb646de7b6136f29c79c3f7c4a520dba090306d1f91b8a6f887

Height

#89,010

Difficulty

9.262291

Transactions

5

Size

1.48 KB

Version

2

Bits

09432589

Nonce

953

Timestamp

7/30/2013, 1:28:16 AM

Confirmations

6,715,031

Merkle Root

5e934e3d368302a7390282afe92273e3f39b37a77df116cfb58cc88b630cc5e2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.172 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
51722037466725677424…10872428078669014041
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
5.172 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
51722037466725677424…10872428078669014041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.034 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
10344407493345135484…21744856157338028081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.068 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
20688814986690270969…43489712314676056161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
4.137 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
41377629973380541939…86979424629352112321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
8.275 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
82755259946761083878…73958849258704224641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.655 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
16551051989352216775…47917698517408449281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.310 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
33102103978704433551…95835397034816898561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
6.620 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
66204207957408867102…91670794069633797121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.324 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
13240841591481773420…83341588139267594241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,676,381 XPM·at block #6,804,040 · updates every 60s
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