Block #883,879

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/6/2015, 2:53:53 AM · Difficulty 10.9588 · 5,930,436 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
443b18fc0922ab6c5da295dd59dd2a2abd210c2be2df2c2227788c4ab8b0d7c0

Height

#883,879

Difficulty

10.958766

Transactions

9

Size

2.25 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af571a8

Nonce

2,074,896,623

Timestamp

1/6/2015, 2:53:53 AM

Confirmations

5,930,436

Merkle Root

9b4ff53e709d789a6c44f0795bb86c1fab6d0494f710423491a2d6e39178861e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.265 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
52659697654975962101…72504778135979263999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.265 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
52659697654975962101…72504778135979263999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.265 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
52659697654975962101…72504778135979264001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.053 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10531939530995192420…45009556271958527999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.053 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10531939530995192420…45009556271958528001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.106 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21063879061990384840…90019112543917055999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.106 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21063879061990384840…90019112543917056001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.212 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
42127758123980769681…80038225087834111999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.212 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
42127758123980769681…80038225087834112001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.425 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
84255516247961539363…60076450175668223999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.425 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
84255516247961539363…60076450175668224001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.685 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16851103249592307872…20152900351336447999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,758,583 XPM·at block #6,814,314 · updates every 60s
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