Block #88,066

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 7/29/2013, 8:22:26 AM · Difficulty 9.2740 · 6,719,903 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
adc9d6f059873f2505066a8d8c5d1f4fc002a5eed926edd62332424f2b82e316

Height

#88,066

Difficulty

9.273963

Transactions

2

Size

575 B

Version

2

Bits

0946226c

Nonce

314,834

Timestamp

7/29/2013, 8:22:26 AM

Confirmations

6,719,903

Merkle Root

8b1876e32dc7196a19aefe2b837fd9f0698ab1986205a84750ebc5f55681b7a9
Transactions (2)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.101 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
91015399309884154498…43792971563682672301
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
9.101 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
91015399309884154498…43792971563682672301
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.820 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
18203079861976830899…87585943127365344601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.640 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
36406159723953661799…75171886254730689201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
7.281 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
72812319447907323599…50343772509461378401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.456 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
14562463889581464719…00687545018922756801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.912 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
29124927779162929439…01375090037845513601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
5.824 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
58249855558325858879…02750180075691027201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.164 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11649971111665171775…05500360151382054401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.329 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
23299942223330343551…11000720302764108801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,707,795 XPM·at block #6,807,968 · updates every 60s
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