Block #879,825

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/2/2015, 11:31:16 PM · Difficulty 10.9623 · 5,947,283 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
3dff8f129f57c88cbe4a25700a1fffd245333d256a0b52be00b9c4eec42de57b

Height

#879,825

Difficulty

10.962325

Transactions

7

Size

2.68 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af65aef

Nonce

523,377,509

Timestamp

1/2/2015, 11:31:16 PM

Confirmations

5,947,283

Merkle Root

0bb36b9162f60e57f3ec4d2fa5b8ae6fc4dee3d845216f0bdfb88f46768f50c3
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.975 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
79754863368172271775…67643668047582279679
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.975 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
79754863368172271775…67643668047582279679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.975 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
79754863368172271775…67643668047582279681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.595 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15950972673634454355…35287336095164559359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.595 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15950972673634454355…35287336095164559361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.190 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
31901945347268908710…70574672190329118719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.190 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
31901945347268908710…70574672190329118721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.380 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
63803890694537817420…41149344380658237439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.380 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
63803890694537817420…41149344380658237441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.276 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12760778138907563484…82298688761316474879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.276 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12760778138907563484…82298688761316474881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.552 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
25521556277815126968…64597377522632949759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,861,042 XPM·at block #6,827,107 · updates every 60s
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