Block #879,808

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/2/2015, 11:13:29 PM · Difficulty 10.9623 · 5,930,892 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
472f5e1279ef50abb7b091d5a2381eb2c5bc6472189fa73751d36986eb2a5f51

Height

#879,808

Difficulty

10.962311

Transactions

17

Size

3.44 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af65a07

Nonce

953,744,376

Timestamp

1/2/2015, 11:13:29 PM

Confirmations

5,930,892

Merkle Root

8800b298748446d8fa8c1508ceeca0e7a89b61291b246c9fe58dcdefb2dc1181
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.255 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
22555933214890922118…05326631730335580159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.255 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
22555933214890922118…05326631730335580159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.255 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
22555933214890922118…05326631730335580161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.511 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
45111866429781844237…10653263460671160319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.511 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
45111866429781844237…10653263460671160321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.022 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
90223732859563688474…21306526921342320639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.022 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
90223732859563688474…21306526921342320641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.804 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
18044746571912737694…42613053842684641279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.804 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
18044746571912737694…42613053842684641281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.608 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
36089493143825475389…85226107685369282559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.608 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
36089493143825475389…85226107685369282561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
7.217 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
72178986287650950779…70452215370738565119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,729,693 XPM·at block #6,810,699 · updates every 60s
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