Block #863,428

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/22/2014, 12:01:21 PM · Difficulty 10.9628 · 5,931,106 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
4b150909584973a08103a9e2406a323f9c73ddd7e3338753944b98531b13c7f2

Height

#863,428

Difficulty

10.962785

Transactions

7

Size

1.96 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af67915

Nonce

769,029,279

Timestamp

12/22/2014, 12:01:21 PM

Confirmations

5,931,106

Merkle Root

4617fd37a87aaac3b3c7d880ca61b5197c58897ff833ab08be3412dffe46d306
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.014 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
70143845874904073381…38801424212827971841
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
7.014 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
70143845874904073381…38801424212827971841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.402 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14028769174980814676…77602848425655943681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.805 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28057538349961629352…55205696851311887361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.611 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
56115076699923258705…10411393702623774721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.122 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11223015339984651741…20822787405247549441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.244 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22446030679969303482…41645574810495098881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.489 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
44892061359938606964…83291149620990197761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
8.978 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
89784122719877213928…66582299241980395521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.795 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17956824543975442785…33164598483960791041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.591 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
35913649087950885571…66329196967921582081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,600,312 XPM·at block #6,794,533 · updates every 60s
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