Block #858,246

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/18/2014, 11:31:10 AM · Difficulty 10.9669 · 5,974,999 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b80e1953e2f44b697eababb18cc84d71d09b8a37dd63649e9858d20931326ddd

Height

#858,246

Difficulty

10.966875

Transactions

10

Size

2.19 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af78522

Nonce

2,782,260,005

Timestamp

12/18/2014, 11:31:10 AM

Confirmations

5,974,999

Merkle Root

314d50614894da02fe4f79815df195d869e32e2ab9db78e4f46c045e38904e5a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.572 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35726796511366742928…25813096632778725199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.572 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35726796511366742928…25813096632778725199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.572 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35726796511366742928…25813096632778725201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.145 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
71453593022733485856…51626193265557450399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.145 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
71453593022733485856…51626193265557450401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.429 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14290718604546697171…03252386531114900799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.429 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14290718604546697171…03252386531114900801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.858 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28581437209093394342…06504773062229801599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.858 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28581437209093394342…06504773062229801601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.716 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
57162874418186788684…13009546124459603199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.716 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
57162874418186788684…13009546124459603201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.143 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11432574883637357736…26019092248919206399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,910,149 XPM·at block #6,833,244 · updates every 60s
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