Block #856,620

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/17/2014, 5:22:12 AM · Difficulty 10.9680 · 5,953,235 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1970fefe6efc2a9881705513a0883e4621aa37d0334b7b1e90af1970fe10069f

Height

#856,620

Difficulty

10.968007

Transactions

17

Size

4.74 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af7cf51

Nonce

809,601,052

Timestamp

12/17/2014, 5:22:12 AM

Confirmations

5,953,235

Merkle Root

aff52f587f7b0053fe52e99a1f1879642bb88efb06eddda9e7e99cce2faf9498
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.734 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
47340295598790603326…08405907219416934399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.734 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
47340295598790603326…08405907219416934399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.734 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
47340295598790603326…08405907219416934401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
9.468 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
94680591197581206652…16811814438833868799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
9.468 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
94680591197581206652…16811814438833868801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.893 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
18936118239516241330…33623628877667737599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.893 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
18936118239516241330…33623628877667737601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.787 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
37872236479032482660…67247257755335475199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.787 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
37872236479032482660…67247257755335475201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.574 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
75744472958064965321…34494515510670950399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.574 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
75744472958064965321…34494515510670950401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,722,927 XPM·at block #6,809,854 · updates every 60s
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