Block #856,256

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/16/2014, 10:50:36 PM · Difficulty 10.9682 · 5,959,577 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
444287a97298e87887cbd7211e4304c4881d7c56513f094b20b19fc1ecaf8017

Height

#856,256

Difficulty

10.968172

Transactions

10

Size

2.16 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af7da21

Nonce

746,048,955

Timestamp

12/16/2014, 10:50:36 PM

Confirmations

5,959,577

Merkle Root

dd3616a6bef28f9b26d9ded6bbf7d6065ecdc91ede10a7596b3831952131a2cb
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.389 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
73894279950984768999…93425264626174926719
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.389 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
73894279950984768999…93425264626174926719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.389 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
73894279950984768999…93425264626174926721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.477 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14778855990196953799…86850529252349853439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.477 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14778855990196953799…86850529252349853441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.955 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
29557711980393907599…73701058504699706879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.955 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
29557711980393907599…73701058504699706881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.911 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
59115423960787815199…47402117009399413759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.911 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
59115423960787815199…47402117009399413761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.182 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11823084792157563039…94804234018798827519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.182 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11823084792157563039…94804234018798827521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.364 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
23646169584315126079…89608468037597655039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,770,774 XPM·at block #6,815,832 · updates every 60s
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