Block #856,136

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/16/2014, 8:45:17 PM · Difficulty 10.9682 · 5,986,678 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
cac65fd85a157a14224fc2ac5884efd4dd3fa5b5480bb2ead1cb6904d150421e

Height

#856,136

Difficulty

10.968196

Transactions

8

Size

1.67 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af7dbb7

Nonce

553,629,772

Timestamp

12/16/2014, 8:45:17 PM

Confirmations

5,986,678

Merkle Root

70eb5305564d9ab268c6a30dd1ed66e13f220f9488fbfbb42015e6336631543e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.752 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17525280834382427454…75088917213993315521
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.752 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17525280834382427454…75088917213993315521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.505 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35050561668764854909…50177834427986631041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
7.010 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
70101123337529709818…00355668855973262081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.402 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14020224667505941963…00711337711946524161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.804 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28040449335011883927…01422675423893048321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.608 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
56080898670023767854…02845350847786096641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.121 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11216179734004753570…05690701695572193281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.243 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22432359468009507141…11381403391144386561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.486 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
44864718936019014283…22762806782288773121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
8.972 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
89729437872038028567…45525613564577546241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,986,852 XPM·at block #6,842,813 · updates every 60s
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