Block #853,416

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/14/2014, 8:52:11 PM · Difficulty 10.9691 · 5,989,919 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
5c6025c975530cb94bc9b9fb08c546821af03c1a05672fbb4a1d877d220db9a1

Height

#853,416

Difficulty

10.969062

Transactions

11

Size

2.26 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af81477

Nonce

212,727,923

Timestamp

12/14/2014, 8:52:11 PM

Confirmations

5,989,919

Merkle Root

48d1feebf1054210b759c4532f0c00b6074bb01eb170a0c126da3b032c40b843
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.427 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
54277480046861531718…32689756157010192201
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
5.427 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
54277480046861531718…32689756157010192201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.085 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
10855496009372306343…65379512314020384401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.171 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
21710992018744612687…30759024628040768801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
4.342 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
43421984037489225374…61518049256081537601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
8.684 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
86843968074978450749…23036098512163075201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.736 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
17368793614995690149…46072197024326150401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.473 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
34737587229991380299…92144394048652300801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
6.947 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
69475174459982760599…84288788097304601601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.389 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13895034891996552119…68577576194609203201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.779 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
27790069783993104239…37155152389218406401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,991,042 XPM·at block #6,843,334 · updates every 60s
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