Block #85,148

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 7/27/2013, 6:30:19 AM · Difficulty 9.2844 · 6,740,096 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
867e1a0abdb9963bface223bdff78cf75528755345c848f4961bc6876bf01772

Height

#85,148

Difficulty

9.284365

Transactions

3

Size

729 B

Version

2

Bits

0948cc1e

Nonce

1,013

Timestamp

7/27/2013, 6:30:19 AM

Confirmations

6,740,096

Merkle Root

3bb6f82f787d95e107fe737b272744e6b9db306662ddd47687b323df82bd43f5
Transactions (3)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.806 × 10⁸⁸(89-digit number)
38064578825454563913…55926462354343334751
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.806 × 10⁸⁸(89-digit number)
38064578825454563913…55926462354343334751
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
7.612 × 10⁸⁸(89-digit number)
76129157650909127827…11852924708686669501
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.522 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
15225831530181825565…23705849417373339001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.045 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
30451663060363651131…47411698834746678001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
6.090 × 10⁸⁹(90-digit number)
60903326120727302262…94823397669493356001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.218 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
12180665224145460452…89646795338986712001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.436 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
24361330448290920904…79293590677973424001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
4.872 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
48722660896581841809…58587181355946848001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
9.744 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
97445321793163683619…17174362711893696001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,846,046 XPM·at block #6,825,243 · updates every 60s
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