Block #850,799

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/12/2014, 7:27:56 PM · Difficulty 10.9710 · 5,992,124 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f08031e06d98a14ec81b9d11c04a4b850ab81c8290d3fecf32b253bca7c63506

Height

#850,799

Difficulty

10.971045

Transactions

17

Size

3.70 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af89668

Nonce

3,172,649,789

Timestamp

12/12/2014, 7:27:56 PM

Confirmations

5,992,124

Merkle Root

4c035ac24c4115c9133bc1d03a53e343f876dece888b9ed58b81f758d0b478c6
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.667 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
86674722886606678414…78686785704808492759
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.667 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
86674722886606678414…78686785704808492759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.667 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
86674722886606678414…78686785704808492761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.733 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17334944577321335682…57373571409616985519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.733 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17334944577321335682…57373571409616985521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.466 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34669889154642671365…14747142819233971039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.466 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34669889154642671365…14747142819233971041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.933 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
69339778309285342731…29494285638467942079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.933 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
69339778309285342731…29494285638467942081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.386 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13867955661857068546…58988571276935884159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.386 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13867955661857068546…58988571276935884161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,987,732 XPM·at block #6,842,922 · updates every 60s
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