Block #850,335

2CCLength 12★★★★☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/12/2014, 10:43:01 AM · Difficulty 10.9714 · 5,994,835 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
930c4331d3c503f87b04c1c7a8966e979eb4be2ba5ba2172f49f14abb76b9a52

Height

#850,335

Difficulty

10.971371

Transactions

3

Size

1.08 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af8abc6

Nonce

26,158,109

Timestamp

12/12/2014, 10:43:01 AM

Confirmations

5,994,835

Merkle Root

d6c4447da0360d0c9eef45aac0a0a545c1bb124750dd575a1fd7274d7ff28d30
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.761 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17613890724022703447…83617422801528109121
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.761 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17613890724022703447…83617422801528109121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.522 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35227781448045406895…67234845603056218241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
7.045 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
70455562896090813790…34469691206112436481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.409 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14091112579218162758…68939382412224872961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.818 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28182225158436325516…37878764824449745921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.636 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
56364450316872651032…75757529648899491841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.127 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11272890063374530206…51515059297798983681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.254 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22545780126749060413…03030118595597967361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.509 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
45091560253498120826…06060237191195934721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
9.018 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
90183120506996241652…12120474382391869441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
1.803 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
18036624101399248330…24240948764783738881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
12
2^11 × origin + 1
3.607 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
36073248202798496660…48481897529567477761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 12 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★★☆
Rarity
ExceptionalChain length 12

Around 1 in 10,000 blocks. A significant mathematical achievement.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:58,005,791 XPM·at block #6,845,169 · updates every 60s
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