Block #849,776

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/12/2014, 1:24:48 AM · Difficulty 10.9714 · 5,992,750 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
230ac653e49645d42ebab251a2c6e7d78201ba7c04af6afac669721118eb9d31

Height

#849,776

Difficulty

10.971361

Transactions

8

Size

2.29 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af8ab25

Nonce

943,959,358

Timestamp

12/12/2014, 1:24:48 AM

Confirmations

5,992,750

Merkle Root

38eafb66e19c59590b9d80fbf69d07280a5aa2a0d3572e94816b22e7b2071312
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.693 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16930088506237779695…97592121106311751759
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.693 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16930088506237779695…97592121106311751759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.693 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16930088506237779695…97592121106311751761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.386 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
33860177012475559391…95184242212623503519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.386 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
33860177012475559391…95184242212623503521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.772 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
67720354024951118783…90368484425247007039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.772 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
67720354024951118783…90368484425247007041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.354 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13544070804990223756…80736968850494014079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.354 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13544070804990223756…80736968850494014081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.708 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27088141609980447513…61473937700988028159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.708 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27088141609980447513…61473937700988028161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,984,629 XPM·at block #6,842,525 · updates every 60s
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