Block #849,671

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/11/2014, 11:42:40 PM · Difficulty 10.9713 · 5,995,038 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
cd33edfad577a61dc07999a53b3cd8fa4ec64b8dceb674be02b83901f447579e

Height

#849,671

Difficulty

10.971335

Transactions

11

Size

2.55 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af8a96d

Nonce

9,599,384

Timestamp

12/11/2014, 11:42:40 PM

Confirmations

5,995,038

Merkle Root

5a0fa6ae977af5f6d541b568a2042117f0bb7da590fc2c0bb1cd241a2105e7cf
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.129 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11296836907588486976…65565420240087863719
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.129 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11296836907588486976…65565420240087863719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.129 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11296836907588486976…65565420240087863721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.259 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
22593673815176973952…31130840480175727439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.259 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
22593673815176973952…31130840480175727441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.518 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
45187347630353947904…62261680960351454879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.518 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
45187347630353947904…62261680960351454881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.037 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
90374695260707895808…24523361920702909759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.037 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
90374695260707895808…24523361920702909761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.807 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18074939052141579161…49046723841405819519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.807 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18074939052141579161…49046723841405819521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.614 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
36149878104283158323…98093447682811639039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:58,002,082 XPM·at block #6,844,708 · updates every 60s
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