Block #849,270

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/11/2014, 5:13:03 PM · Difficulty 10.9713 · 5,992,173 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b6694d06a2161d7a7e1a06028a49abfb15ef4f98606798db63df75ebfab4a8a5

Height

#849,270

Difficulty

10.971254

Transactions

9

Size

2.55 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af8a417

Nonce

1,234,395,236

Timestamp

12/11/2014, 5:13:03 PM

Confirmations

5,992,173

Merkle Root

4b9b43d46df2e147ef83e875d3aadd001312359bdcdec255e4e96bd302cd7d54
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.098 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
40989783071418245945…85570938385720844959
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.098 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
40989783071418245945…85570938385720844959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.098 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
40989783071418245945…85570938385720844961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.197 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
81979566142836491890…71141876771441689919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.197 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
81979566142836491890…71141876771441689921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.639 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16395913228567298378…42283753542883379839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.639 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16395913228567298378…42283753542883379841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.279 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
32791826457134596756…84567507085766759679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.279 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
32791826457134596756…84567507085766759681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.558 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
65583652914269193512…69135014171533519359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.558 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
65583652914269193512…69135014171533519361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.311 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13116730582853838702…38270028343067038719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,975,924 XPM·at block #6,841,442 · updates every 60s
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