Block #849,033

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/11/2014, 1:09:48 PM · Difficulty 10.9713 · 5,989,976 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d88d6f4e2108419736fd888f5e920e62df2a366e2a17712a1a7baff76767e6b3

Height

#849,033

Difficulty

10.971311

Transactions

7

Size

1.49 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af8a7d3

Nonce

195,741,686

Timestamp

12/11/2014, 1:09:48 PM

Confirmations

5,989,976

Merkle Root

4a4ffd7740e1b68c8a237139f1eb8af45fb3cc3abbd68334503745073f7e45a8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.479 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
44793960807439189691…42081269691350807039
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.479 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
44793960807439189691…42081269691350807039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.479 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
44793960807439189691…42081269691350807041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.958 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
89587921614878379382…84162539382701614079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.958 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
89587921614878379382…84162539382701614081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.791 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17917584322975675876…68325078765403228159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.791 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17917584322975675876…68325078765403228161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.583 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
35835168645951351753…36650157530806456319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.583 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
35835168645951351753…36650157530806456321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.167 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
71670337291902703506…73300315061612912639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.167 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
71670337291902703506…73300315061612912641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.433 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14334067458380540701…46600630123225825279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,956,338 XPM·at block #6,839,008 · updates every 60s
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