Block #848,919

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/11/2014, 11:01:56 AM · Difficulty 10.9714 · 5,961,785 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c69a1f24a4b9c2012b8c565b5ce368f035403bd2fab59c8834145a5b2e9db438

Height

#848,919

Difficulty

10.971360

Transactions

16

Size

3.41 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af8ab07

Nonce

298,283,939

Timestamp

12/11/2014, 11:01:56 AM

Confirmations

5,961,785

Merkle Root

9d9155355f45f9cea7c0dd693ca001cf08f0093e96e0af79341ae4ce4be9bde5
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.476 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34768498874402557870…96271802877380670719
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.476 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34768498874402557870…96271802877380670719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.476 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34768498874402557870…96271802877380670721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.953 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
69536997748805115740…92543605754761341439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.953 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
69536997748805115740…92543605754761341441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.390 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13907399549761023148…85087211509522682879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.390 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13907399549761023148…85087211509522682881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.781 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27814799099522046296…70174423019045365759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.781 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27814799099522046296…70174423019045365761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.562 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
55629598199044092592…40348846038090731519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.562 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
55629598199044092592…40348846038090731521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,729,726 XPM·at block #6,810,703 · updates every 60s
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