Block #848,907

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/11/2014, 10:46:33 AM · Difficulty 10.9714 · 5,993,998 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
9633e77e73c7b89fa8d1b133f6ac818b3f9b1ae4f5bd83c0e43a120906c88e1b

Height

#848,907

Difficulty

10.971389

Transactions

12

Size

2.56 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af8acfa

Nonce

613,713,892

Timestamp

12/11/2014, 10:46:33 AM

Confirmations

5,993,998

Merkle Root

49b2068ddd8933bc4d680be1dd117a0e0ea4ec933a9f2f5961e15f45862bb8f9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.880 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18809753174821195735…80628465284700652799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.880 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18809753174821195735…80628465284700652799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.880 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18809753174821195735…80628465284700652801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.761 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
37619506349642391471…61256930569401305599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.761 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
37619506349642391471…61256930569401305601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.523 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
75239012699284782943…22513861138802611199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.523 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
75239012699284782943…22513861138802611201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.504 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15047802539856956588…45027722277605222399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.504 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15047802539856956588…45027722277605222401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.009 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30095605079713913177…90055444555210444799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.009 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30095605079713913177…90055444555210444801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,987,587 XPM·at block #6,842,904 · updates every 60s
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