Block #847,891

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/10/2014, 4:43:35 PM · Difficulty 10.9717 · 5,994,536 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0131ad0cad7b35e4e5c99bfeca66972e701315e23e7397704ae6899604217443

Height

#847,891

Difficulty

10.971725

Transactions

9

Size

2.25 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af8c2f9

Nonce

1,337,874,183

Timestamp

12/10/2014, 4:43:35 PM

Confirmations

5,994,536

Merkle Root

26b475245e6e4b07d5cf1ca17f62a85ec273d59b3b31febc36ace5189f334244
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.134 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
81348850239587445856…83469425798754303999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.134 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
81348850239587445856…83469425798754303999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.134 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
81348850239587445856…83469425798754304001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.626 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16269770047917489171…66938851597508607999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.626 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16269770047917489171…66938851597508608001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.253 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
32539540095834978342…33877703195017215999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.253 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
32539540095834978342…33877703195017216001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.507 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
65079080191669956685…67755406390034431999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.507 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
65079080191669956685…67755406390034432001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.301 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13015816038333991337…35510812780068863999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.301 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13015816038333991337…35510812780068864001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,983,830 XPM·at block #6,842,426 · updates every 60s
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